exhortatio Latin · revision 32816

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰer-i-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exhortātiō''' ''f'' (genitive exhortātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|exhortor|-tiō|t1=to encourage]].^(OLD 2012)^(Etymonline) [[m|la|exhortor]] is a compound of [[m|la|hortor|t=to urge]], which de Vaan takes as a frequentative of [[m|la|horior|t=to urge]], found in Ennius; he traces that verb to [[ine-pro|*ǵʰer-i-|t=to enjoy, be excited]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest quotation is from Plancus writing to Cicero: he has done everything he took on at Cicero's urging.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the act of admonishing or encouraging, exhortation, and Lewis & Short call it mostly post-Augustan and not in Cicero himself.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Quintilian reports that Rutilius and Celsus counted it among the figures of speech.^(TLL) It is also an inducement: Ulpian writes of making men good by the encouragement of rewards.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it exhortation, encouragement.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|exhortation]] comes from it, partly through Old French, from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Plancus, writing to Cicero, of his encouragement.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian on it as a figure of speech.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 223 AD – Ulpian of the inducement of rewards.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|exhortation|alt=exhortation]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|exhortation|alt=Exhortation]], [[m|en|encouragement]], admonition.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # An inducement.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exhortor]]

+ * [[hortor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}