pressus Latin · revision 32812

+ {{homograph|1|pressed; restrained}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *pr-es-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pressus''' (feminine pressa, neuter pressum; comparative pressior); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the past participle [[der|la|premō|t=to press]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan traces that verb to [[itc-pro|*pres-]] and [[ine-pro|*pr-es-|t=to press]], comparing [[lt|per̃ti|t=to beat, lash]]; the present ⟨prem-⟩ beside the perfect ⟨press-⟩ is usually explained after [[m|la|tremō|t=to tremble]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Livius Andronicus.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is done with pressure, firm: Sallust has soldiers led at a firm, deliberate pace, and Seneca a tight embrace.^(OLD 2012) It is close-packed, dense, and in Martial of kisses following thick and fast.^(OLD 2012) Varro uses it of loins that are sunken.^(OLD 2012) Of sound it is low: Cicero speaks with a low voice and of songs sung in low, mournful measures.^(OLD 2012) Of colour it is dull, as kinds of ochre in Pliny the Elder.^(OLD 2012) It is moderate or restrained, as Persius' modest household.^(OLD 2012) Above all it is used of style, concise and restrained: Cicero says someone's speech would have been much more concise, and Quintilian and Tacitus praise a pure and concise manner.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it subdued, suppressed, moderate, precise.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a low voice and of concise style.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of a firm pace.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian of a restrained narrative.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Done with pressure, firm; of steps, deliberate; of an embrace, tight.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Close-packed, [[m|en|compact]], dense; following in quick succession.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Sunken, depressed.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of sound, low; of colour, dull.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|moderate|alt=Moderate]], restrained; of style, [[m|en|concise]], precise.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ {{homograph|2|pressure}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la premō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pressus''' ''m'' (genitive pressūs); fourth declension^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun is [[af|la|premō|-tus|t1=to press]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010) In the ''Tusculan Disputations'' the mind by its own effort drives off all the pressure of weights.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is pressure, the act of pressing: Cicero's ''Aratea'' has a figure holding a snake in the double grip of his palms.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In speech it is the pressure of the lips in shaping the voice: Cicero says anyone would easily outdo a certain speaker by the very pressure and sound of his mouth.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The TLL notes that it is mostly found in the ablative and that it survives in Franco-Provençal.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of pressure and of the voice.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|pressure|alt=Pressure]], a pressing; a grip.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # In speech, the pressure of the lips in shaping the voice.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[premo|alt=premō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}