inhorresco Latin · revision 32807

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=220–130 BC, Pacuvius|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰr̥s-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪ.nɔrˈreːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [i.norˈrɛs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''inhorrēscō''' (present infinitive inhorrēscere, perfect active inhorruī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD and the TLL take it as [[af|la|in-|horrēscō|t2=to bristle, shudder]],^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) while Wiktionary derives it from [[m|la|inhorreō|t=to bristle]] with the inchoative suffix [[m|la|-scō]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it under [[horreo|alt=horreō]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*χors-ē-|t=to be stiff]] and [[ine-pro|*ǵʰr̥s-eh₁-|t=to be stiff, surprised]], comparing [[sa|हर्षते|tr=hárṣate|t=to be delighted]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Pacuvius,^(de Vaan 2008) in whom the sea grows rough at sunset.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its core sense is to become stiffly erect or to bristle: Seneca has hair standing on end with anger, and Pliny the Elder sealskins whose hairs bristle when the tide goes out.^(OLD 2012) Celsus uses it of skin that roughens under hot water and of limbs that begin to shiver.^(OLD 2012) Pliny says hens ruffle their feathers after laying.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of the sea and storms it is to grow restless,^(OLD 2012) and with a cause to start shaking with fear or shrink back: Seneca writes of a man who will shudder at sudden things.^(OLD 2012) The TLL finds the present stem in Pacuvius and then from Celsus on, the perfect from Cicero, Virgil, Horace and Ovid.^(TLL) Wiktionary gives [[horresco|alt=horrēscō]] as a synonym.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius of the sea growing rough at sunset.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of roughening skin and shivering limbs.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of hair standing on end and of shuddering at sudden things.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of bristling sealskins.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To become stiffly erect, stand on end; to [[m|en|bristle]]; of a surface, to become rough or wrinkled.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of the sea or storms, to become restless or agitated.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To begin to [[m|en|shiver]] or tremble, with cold or with fear; to shrink back.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[horreo|alt=horreō]]

+ * [[horresco|alt=horrēscō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}