maligne Latin · revision 32805

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la malignus}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''malignē''' (comparative malignius); adverb^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|malignus|-ē|t1=mean, unkind]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan lists [[m|la|malignus]] among the derivatives of [[m|la|malus|t=bad]], from Plautus on.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first quotation is in Plautus: in the ''Stichus'' a man says he would not have invited the others home grudgingly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is first grudgingly or meanly, then scantily or poorly: Catullus says things had not gone so poorly for him that he could not find eight men with straight backs.^(OLD 2012) Livy has speaking abusively and spitefully, and the OLD also records the sense so as to do harm.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it wickedly, maliciously, enviously.^(Stelten 1995) Köbler dates it from Catullus.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of inviting grudgingly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of faring poorly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of speaking spitefully.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|grudgingly|alt=Grudgingly]], meanly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Scantily, poorly, insufficiently.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Ill-naturedly, [[m|en|spitefully]], maliciously; harmfully.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[malignus]]

+ * [[malus#1|alt=malus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}