intempestus Latin · revision 32796

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *temp-os}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪn.tɛmˈpɛs.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [in.temˈpɛs.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''intempestus''' (feminine intempesta, neuter intempestum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|tempus|-tus|t1=not|t2=time]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The TLL notes that a simple ⟨tempestus⟩ is found only in Festus' epitome.^(TLL) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|tempus]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*tempos-|t=stretch, measure]] and [[ine-pro|*temp-os|t=stretch]], a noun that came to mean a stretch of time and then time or occasion.^(de Vaan 2008) Macrobius explained the dead of night as night that has no time fit for doing anything.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Ennius,^(de Vaan 2008) whose ''Annals'' have the phrase ⟨nox intempesta⟩: “when the dead of night held the light above”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its main use is in ⟨nox intempesta⟩, the dead of night, which Cicero and Virgil also use and Varro discusses.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) Otherwise it means unseasonable or untimely: Statius has men overcome by sleep at the wrong time.^(OLD 2012) Of weather it is inclement or stormy, again in Statius, and of a place apparently unhealthy.^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary adds the senses unpropitious and dark, dismal.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of the dead of night.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro discusses the phrase.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the dead of night.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of the dead of night.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius of untimely sleep and of stormy weather.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # ''nox intempesta'', the dead of [[m|en|night]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|unseasonable|alt=Unseasonable]], [[m|en|untimely]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of weather, inclement, stormy; of a place, unhealthy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[intempestum]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tempus]]

+ * [[tempestas|alt=tempestās]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}