callide Latin · revision 32783

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *kaln/so-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''callidē''' (comparative callidius, superlative callidissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|callidus|-ē|t1=experienced, clever]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives [[m|la|callidus]], like [[m|la|calleō|t=to be hard; to know how]], from [[callum|alt=callum]] “hard skin”, which he traces to an adjective [[itc-pro|*kaln/so-|t=hard]]; its Indo-European origin is uncertain, and he compares [[cy|caled|t=hard]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first quotations are in Plautus: in the ''Persa'' a slave says he began the business wittily and cleverly, and in the ''Mercator'' no lover is so cunningly eloquent that he can say what serves him.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means expertly, skilfully or cleverly: Cicero has people who do something more skilfully from practice, and Nepos says Themistocles judged the future most shrewdly.^(OLD 2012) With verbs of knowing it is well or thoroughly.^(OLD 2012) In a bad sense it is cunningly or artfully: Cicero speaks of something done astutely and cunningly, Sallust of a man who cunningly hid his vices, and Tacitus says Mucianus craftily fed old quarrels.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus, cleverly and cunningly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence, thoroughly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero, skilfully and cunningly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of vices cunningly hidden.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of quarrels craftily fed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Expertly, [[m|en|skilfully]], [[m|en|cleverly]];^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) with verbs of knowing, well, thoroughly.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|cunningly|alt=Cunningly]], artfully, craftily.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[callidus]]

+ * [[calleo|alt=calleō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}