pervigilo Latin · revision 32781

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *u̯eǵ-l-i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈwɪ.ɡɪ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈviː.d͡ʒi.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pervigilō''' (present infinitive pervigilāre, perfect active pervigilāvī, supine pervigilātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|per-|vigilō|t2=to stay awake]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) De Vaan lists it under [[vigeo|alt=vigeō]], with [[m|la|vigil|t=watchman; awake]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*wegli-]] and [[ine-pro|*u̯eǵ-l-i-|t=strong]], comparing [[sa|वाज|tr=vā́ja-|t=contest, reward]] and [[goh|wahhēn|t=to be awake]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) in whose ''Amphitruo'' someone has stayed awake three nights running, and in whose ''Curculio'' Phaedromus is asked whether he has vowed an all-night vigil to Venus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to stay awake all night or for a whole period, and with an object to spend a night awake, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to keep watch all night or continuously: Livy says soldiers escaped a trick by standing and watching under arms day and night.^(OLD 2012) From Plautus on it is used of a religious vigil.^(OLD 2012) Martial plays on the verb: to stay awake is light, to stay awake all night is heavy.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it to keep close watch, keep vigil.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of sleepless nights and of a vigil to Venus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a night spent awake.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of watch kept under arms.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial on waking and watching.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stay [[m|en|awake]] all night or for a whole period; to spend (a night) awake.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To keep [[m|en|watch]] all night or continuously.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To keep a religious [[m|en|vigil]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vigilo|alt=vigilō]]

+ * [[vigil]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}