fucus Latin · revision 32750

+ Two nouns are spelled ''fūcus'': one, borrowed from Greek, is a seaweed and the dye made from it; the other is a drone.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ {{homograph|1|dye}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=grc φῦκος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfuː.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfuː.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fūcus''' ''m'' (genitive fūcī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The dye is [[bor|grc|φῦκος|tr=phûkos|t=seaweed, orchil]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it of women who hide the faults of their bodies with rouge, and of pretence.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is first a seaweed, orchil, from which an inferior red dye was made: Pliny the Elder describes it, and Quintilian speaks of wool dyed with it short of purple.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is then any dye: Catullus has a couch covered with purple dyed rose-red.^(OLD 2012) As a cosmetic it is rouge, and transferred it is colouring, as Lucretius' bodies smeared with no colour.^(OLD 2012) Virgil uses it of bee glue.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is pretence or sham, and ⟨fūcum facere⟩ in Terence is to play a trick on someone.^(OLD 2012) Cicero applies it to the artificial embellishment of style, in a style free of childish paint and colour.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it red, purple, rouge, deceit.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of rouge and of pretence.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence, to play a trick.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of colouring.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of embellished style.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of bee glue.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|seaweed]], [[m|en|orchil]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|dye]], especially red or purple; [[m|en|rouge]]; colouring.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Bee glue, [[m|en|propolis]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Pretence, disguise, sham;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''fūcum facere'', to play a trick.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Artificial embellishment of style.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[fūcō]]

+ * [[fūcōsus]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|drone}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈfuː.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈfuː.kus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''fūcus''' ''m'' (genitive fūcī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The drone is perhaps [[inh|ine-pro|*bʰoi-ko-]], if from ⟨*foiko-⟩, and so cognate with the Celtic, Germanic and Balto-Slavic words for “bee”, such as [[sga|bech|t=bee]], [[lt|bìtė|t=bee]] and [[ang|bēo|t=bee]]; but that ablaut grade is found nowhere else.^(de Vaan 2008) Walde and Hofmann preferred a link with Germanic words for “hornet, gadfly”, such as [[m|ang|bēaw|t=gadfly]], which the OLD also compares.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the drone, the male bee: Varro, Virgil and Columella use it.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary notes that Contemporary Latin uses it, after English [[m|en|drone]], for an unmanned aircraft.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of drones.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of drones.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|drone]], a male [[m|en|bee]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Contemporary Latin)'' An unmanned aircraft, drone.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}