ἀνεμώνη Ancient Greek · revision 3274

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|attested=5th century BC, Cratinus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /a.ne.mɔ̌ː.nɛː/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /a.neˈmo.ni/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /a.neˈmo.ni/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ἀνεμώνη''' (anemṓnē) ''f'' (genitive ἀνεμώνης); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is disputed.^(DGE)^(Beekes 2010) Prellwitz derived it from [[ἄνεμος|tr=ánemos|t=wind]], and Strömberg supported this, so that it would be a “wind flower”.^(Frisk 1960)^(Beekes 2010) Etymonline explains the ending as the feminine patronymic suffix [[m|grc|-ώνη|tr=-ṓnē]], “daughter of the wind”.^(Frisk 1960)^(Beekes 2010)^(Etymonline) Beekes thinks a loanword more likely, perhaps from the substrate.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ A Semitic origin, from [[hbo|נַעֲמָן|tr=Naʿămān]], a name of Adonis meaning “pleasantness”, was proposed by Lewy, but Frisk, Beekes and Rosół reject it.^(Rosół 2013)^(Beekes 2010)^(Frisk 1960)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is first found in the comic poets Cratinus and Pherecrates, of the poppy anemone.^(DGE)^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Theophrastus distinguishes a meadow anemone and a mountain anemone, and Dioscorides a cultivated and a wild kind; the Hippocratic writings use it as a medicine.^(DGE) In the bucolic poets Theocritus and Bion the Doric form ''ἀνεμώνα'' is a flower of the countryside.^(DGE)^(CGL 2021) Hesychius adds that it was a kind of cake and a kiss, and calls anemone any plant that the winds quickly destroy.^(Hesychius)^(DGE) Lucian calls empty, showy words the “anemones” of speech.^(DGE)

+

+ Latin borrowed it as [[m|la|anemōnē]].^(Wiktionary) Modern Greek [[m|el|ανεμώνη|tr=anemóni]] is a learned form for the flower and the sea anemone, beside the popular ''ανεμώνα''.^(Triantafyllidis 1998)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 5th century BC – Cratinus and Pherecrates name the poppy anemone.^(DGE)

+ * 4th–3rd century BC – Theophrastus describes meadow and mountain anemones.^(DGE)

+ * 4th–3rd century BC – Theocritus uses the Doric form ''ἀνεμώνα''.^(DGE)^(CGL 2021)

+ * 1st century AD – Dioscorides distinguishes cultivated and wild anemones.^(DGE)

+ * 2nd century AD – Lucian calls showy words “the anemones of speech”.^(DGE)

+ * 1550s – English borrows ''anemone'' through French and Latin.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|anemone]], especially the poppy anemone, ''Anemone coronaria''.^(DGE)^(CGL 2021)

+ # Other species of anemone, such as the mountain anemone.^(DGE)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(figurative, in the plural)'' Showy but empty words.^(DGE)

+ # A kind of cake; a kiss.^(Hesychius)^(DGE)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ἄνεμος|tr=ánemos]]

+ * [[la|anemone]]

+ * [[en|anemone]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}