stipula Latin · revision 32736

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=itc-pro *stip-elo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈstɪ.pʊ.ɫa]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈstiː.pu.la]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stipula''' ''f'' (genitive stipulae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Inscriptions have ''stupula'' and ''stupla'', and Varro has ''stupla''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Lewis & Short take it as a diminutive of [[stipes|alt=stīpes]] “post, trunk”.^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan lists it under [[m|la|stips|t=small coin]] and traces it to [[itc-pro|*stip-elo-|t=straw]], from a root [[ine-pro|*stip-|t=stalk]] that he marks as uncertain; he derives [[stipulor|alt=stipulor]] “to exact a promise” from the noun, first meaning “to draw or cut straws”.^(de Vaan 2008) Köbler relates it to [[stipo|alt=stīpō]] “to press together”.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Terence,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) in whom a man threatens to make another gather straw at midday.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the stalk of a cereal or legume: Virgil has grain swelling with milk in the green stalk.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Collectively it is the stubble left after reaping, or straw: Varro speaks of leaving stubble for the gleaners.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also a hollow stalk played as a pipe: in Virgil's ''Eclogues'' a shepherd is mocked for murdering a wretched tune on a screeching straw.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein contrasts it with [[culmus]], the stalk as the part that bears the ear, while ''stipula'' is the worthless part, the stubble.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it stubble, straw, stalk.^(Stelten 1995) Etymonline derives English [[m|en|stubble]] (c. 1300) through [[m|fro|estuble]] from reduced forms of the word, Medieval Latin ⟨stubula⟩ and Vulgar Latin ⟨*stupla⟩; [[m|en|stipule]] (1793) came through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of gathering straw.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of stubble left for gleaning and the form ''stupla''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of green stalks and of a straw pipe.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English ''stubble'', from reduced forms of the word through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|stalk]] of a cereal plant or legume.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|stubble|alt=Stubble]] left after reaping; straw.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A hollow stalk or [[m|en|reed]] played as a pipe.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stips]]

+ * [[stipulor]]

+ * [[en|stubble]]

+ * [[en|stipule]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}