subter Latin · revision 32735

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=170–c. 90 BC, Accius|origins=ine-pro *(h₁)upo}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈsʊp.tɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈsub.ter]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''subter''' (comparative subterius, no superlative)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''supter''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|sub|t=under]] with the ending seen in [[praeter]] and [[propter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary takes its use with the accusative from an adverbial [[ine-pro|*-teros]], and its use with the ablative as modelled on [[m|la|sub]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it under [[m|la|sub]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*supo|t=down, below; upwards]] and [[ine-pro|*(h₁)upo|t=up, from below]], comparing [[osc|συπ|tr=sup|t=under]] and [[grc|ὑπό|tr=hupó|t=under]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first quotation in the OLD and Lewis & Short is Accius, in whom sailors turn their ship in flight under the rocks to the left.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As an adverb it is below, underneath, and beneath a surface: Lucretius says a ring wears thin underneath from being worn on the finger.^(OLD 2012) As a preposition, usually with the accusative, it is along or at a place below: Varro has bees under the eaves, Cicero says Plato put anger in the breast and desire beneath the diaphragm, and Livy has a rider galloping under the enemy's wall.^(OLD 2012) It is also under something that covers, as in Virgil's Alpheus, said to have made hidden ways under the sea.^(OLD 2012) Catullus and Virgil also use it with the ablative of position.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it beneath, below, underneath.^(Stelten 1995) Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius of a ship under the rocks.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of bees under the eaves.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of a ring worn thin underneath.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero on Plato's seat of desire.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of the Alpheus under the sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Below, [[m|en|underneath]]; beneath a surface or covering.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(with accusative)'' Along or at a place below; at the foot of (a wall or cliff).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(with accusative or ablative)'' Under something that covers or surmounts;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''(figurative)'' below, [[m|en|inferior]] to.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[subternus]]

+ * [[subterfluō]]

+ * [[subterlābor]]

+ * [[subterfugiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sub]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}