iubar Latin · revision 32721

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *diu-bʰeh₂-es-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈjʊ.bar]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈjuː.bar]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iubar''' ''n'' (genitive iubaris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Ennius and the ''Aetna'' treat it as masculine.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ennius once has ''iubār''.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan, following Dunkel's analysis, traces it to [[itc-pro|*dju-faos]] and [[ine-pro|*diu-bʰeh₂-es-|t=having or bringing the light of daytime]], a compound of the word for sky or day with the root of shining, first an epithet of some neuter noun.^(de Vaan 2008) He compares [[sa|भास्|tr=bhā́s-|t=light, radiance]] and [[grc|φαίνω|tr=phaínō|t=to shine, reveal]].^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD calls the origin doubtful and the TLL uncertain;^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Lewis & Short and Köbler connect it with [[iuba]] “mane”,^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) and ancient writers derived it from the mane or from Jupiter.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Ennius,^(de Vaan 2008) in whom someone asks whether the light seen in the sky is the dawn.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is first the light of dawn: Pacuvius has the rising of the morning light, and Virgil chosen young men leaving the gates at sunrise.^(OLD 2012) More generally it is the radiance of heavenly bodies or of fire: Lucretius has the sun's trembling light under the earth, and Ovid the morning star raising its bright light from the sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Festus explains it as the star the Greeks call Phosphorus or Hesperus.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Concretely it is a source of light: in Ovid a soul is to be made into a star.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it is splendour or glory, as Martial's radiance pouring from Caesar's face.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it radiance, beaming light.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of dawn in the sky.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius of the rising light.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of the sun's light.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of sunrise.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of the morning star and of a soul made a star.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The first light of day, [[m|en|dawn]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|radiance|alt=Radiance]], brightness of heavenly bodies or fire; a source of light, a star.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(figurative)'' [[m|en|splendour|alt=Splendour]], glory.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}