propensus Latin · revision 32701

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la pendō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [proːˈpẽː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [proˈpɛn.sus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōpēnsus''' (feminine prōpēnsa, neuter prōpēnsum, comparative prōpēnsior); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the past participle [[der|la|prōpendeō|t=to hang down, incline]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan lists [[m|la|prōpendeō]] among the derivatives of [[pendo|alt=pendō]] “to hang, weigh”; most handbooks take that root as a variant of the root “to spin”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) in whose ''Bacchides'' someone would rather anything than let a woman grow heavier by a feather's shaving of his money.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is weighted down, and of ground sloping, as in a land surveyor's levelling of sloping ground.^(OLD 2012) Above all it is inclined or disposed to something: Cicero has a man inclined to pardon, and says that Balbus' argument seemed to him nearer to the likeness of truth.^(OLD 2012) It is also ready, eager, willing: Cicero asks whether someone needs urging or is eager of his own accord.^(OLD 2012) Of gods it is favourably disposed: Ovid urges prayers to gods well disposed to pious vows.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein says that in the moral sense ⟨prōnus⟩ is inclination in general, ⟨prōclīvis⟩ more often inclination to good, and ⟨prōpēnsus⟩ to bad.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it inclined, disposed, favourable, and also heavy, important.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of something weighed down.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a man inclined to pardon and of eagerness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of gods well disposed.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Weighted down, hanging down; of ground, sloping.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|inclined|alt=Inclined]], disposed, [[m|en|prone]] (to); tending towards.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Ready, eager, willing.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Favourably disposed, partial.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[propendeo|alt=prōpendeō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}