opprobrium Latin · revision 32697

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=96–55 BC, Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *pro-bʰr-o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɔpˈprɔ.bri.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [opˈprɔː.bri.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''opprobrium''' ''n'' (genitive opprobriī or opprobrī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''obprobrium''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|opprobrō|-ium|t1=to reproach]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) De Vaan lists it, with [[m|la|opprobrō]], under [[probrum]] “disgrace”, which he explains as an old adjective [[itc-pro|*pro-fr-o-]], from [[ine-pro|*pro-bʰr-o-]], “what is brought up against someone”, from the root “to bring”, comparing [[sa|प्रभर्|tr=pra-bhar-|t=to bring, offer]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cassiodorus explains it as set against [[probus]] “honest”.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Lucretius,^(de Vaan 2008) who says that when the iron sword came forth the bronze sickle fell into disgrace.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it from Catullus.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is reproach incurred, shame, scandal, and an expression of reproach, a taunt: Horace offers to recant his insults provided she becomes his friend.^(OLD 2012) It is also a source of shame: the letters to Caesar ascribed to Sallust speak of things that would be disgraces to a victory, and Nepos has a man fearing he would bring reproach on his city.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note that it is not found in Cicero or Caesar, and give [[dedecus]], [[probrum]] and [[infamia]] as synonyms.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it reproach, taunt, derision, disgrace.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|opprobrium]] dates from the 1680s, after an earlier ⟨opprobry⟩ of the early 15th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of the bronze sickle disgraced.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 100–24 BC – Nepos of a reproach to a city.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of recanted insults.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1680s – English ''opprobrium''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Reproach, shame, [[m|en|disgrace]], [[m|en|scandal]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # An insult, [[m|en|taunt]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A source of shame.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[opprobriōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[probrum]]

+ * [[en|opprobrium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}