calliditas Latin · revision 32695

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=la callum}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''calliditās''' ''f'' (genitive calliditātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|callidus|-tās|t1=clever, crafty]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) The OLD derives [[m|la|callidus]] from [[calleo|alt=calleō]] “to be hard; to know how”, which de Vaan derives from [[callum]] “hard skin”, perhaps from an adjective [[itc-pro|*kaln/so-|t=hard]]; he finds its Indo-European origin uncertain.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Terence,^(Köbler 2010) who has the plural.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note that it is used in a good and a bad sense.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In a good sense it is cleverness, skill: the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' defines prudence as the cleverness that can choose between good and bad, and Nepos speaks of cleverness of mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) More often it is craftiness or cunning, and in the plural subtle tricks: Cicero says a man's head and shaven eyebrows seem to smell of malice and cry out cunning.^(OLD 2012) Cicero also says that knowledge divorced from justice should be called cunning rather than wisdom, after Plato.^(TLL) Glosses render it with [[grc|πανουργία|tr=panourgía|t=knavery]] and ⟨astūtia⟩.^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it craftiness.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of cunning.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 100–24 BC – Nepos of cleverness of mind.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|cleverness|alt=Cleverness]], skill, shrewdness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|craftiness|alt=Craftiness]], [[m|en|cunning]], slyness;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(plural)'' subtle tricks.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[callidus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}