manifesto Latin · revision 32693

+ Two words are spelled ''manifestō'', both formed from ''manifestus'': the adverb “in the act, clearly” and the verb “to reveal”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ {{homograph|1|in the act, plainly}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la manifestus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ma.nɪˈfɛs.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ma.niˈfɛs.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''manifestō''' (comparative manifestius, superlative manifestissimē)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''manufestō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The adverb is [[af|la|manifestus|-ō|t1=caught in the act; evident]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The OLD takes [[m|la|manifestus]] as apparently [[m|la|manus|t=hand]] with an element seen in [[infestus|alt=īnfestus]], and Wiktionary calls the second element uncertain, perhaps from [[ine-pro|*dʰers-|t=to be bold]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) in whose ''Asinaria'' someone promises that another will catch the man himself in the act, and in the same play a man is caught red-handed in theft.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ With verbs of catching and detecting it is in the act, red-handed, undeniably.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) It also means evidently, plainly: Pliny the Elder says it is plain that moisture hardens into stone.^(OLD 2012) Priscian lists it among adverbs in ⟨-ō⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of catching someone in the act.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of something plainly seen.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # In the act, [[m|en|red-handed]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+ # [[m|en|manifestly|alt=Manifestly]], plainly, clearly, openly.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ {{homograph|2|to reveal}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=43 BC–18 AD, Ovid|origins=la manifestus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ma.nɪˈfɛs.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ma.niˈfɛs.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''manifestō''' (present infinitive manifestāre, perfect active manifestāvī, supine manifestātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb is [[af|la|manifestus|-ō|t1=evident]], a denominal verb.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Ovid on,^(TLL) in whom the gleam of a helmet will reveal a man in hiding.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it poetic and post-classical, and the TLL says it is very rare before the middle of the 2nd century, then found in the jurists and everywhere.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) It is to make visible or known: Mela uses it of a fact made plain, and Justinus of showing gratitude.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Quintilian uses it of a word that clarifies a thought.^(OLD 2012) In inscriptions the passive is used of what an imperial rescript lays down.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it to reveal, manifest, make known.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of a hidden man revealed.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43/44 AD – Mela of a fact made plain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian of clarifying a thought.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To make visible, [[m|en|reveal]]; to make known, show clearly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To make plain, [[m|en|disclose]];^(OLD 2012) ''(passive)'' to be laid down in a rescript.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make clearer, clarify.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[manifestātiō]]

+ * [[manifestator]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[manifestus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}