captivitas Latin · revision 32690

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=4 BC–65 AD, Seneca|origins=itc-pro *kap-i-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kapˈtiː.wɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [kapˈtiː.vi.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''captīvitās''' ''f'' (genitive captīvitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|captīvus|-tās|t1=captive]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan derives [[m|la|captīvus]] from the verb [[m|la|capiō|t=to take, seize]], perhaps through a noun *kap-ti-, and traces the verb to [[itc-pro|*kap-i-|t=to seize]], from [[ine-pro|*kh₂p-i-]] or a non-Indo-European *kap-, comparing [[grc|κάπτω|tr=káptō|t=to gulp down]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL and Köbler find it first in Seneca the philosopher,^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) who speaks of openly wishing captivity on someone.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is the state of a captive, bondage: Tacitus uses it of a city in the bitterest captivity, and Apuleius of bears worn out by long captivity.^(OLD 2012) It is also the act of capture, as of Jugurtha in Frontinus.^(OLD 2012) Apuleius uses it of blindness, of eyes wept almost to blindness.^(OLD 2012) In medieval Latin it can mean a crowd of prisoners.^(Niermeyer 1976) Church Latin glosses it captivity, bondage.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of wishing captivity on someone.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of a captured city.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius of captive bears and of blindness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|captivity|alt=Captivity]], bondage; of a city, subjection.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # The act of being captured, [[m|en|capture]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|blindness|alt=Blindness]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A host of prisoners.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[captivus|alt=captīvus]]

+ * [[capio|alt=capiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}