confusio Latin · revision 32689

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰu-n-d-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [kõːˈfuː.si.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [koɱˈfuː.s̬i.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cōnfūsiō''' ''f'' (genitive cōnfūsiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|cōnfundō|-tiō|t1=to pour together, mix, confuse]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan lists [[m|la|cōnfundō]] under [[fundo|alt=fundō]] “to pour”, which he traces to [[itc-pro|*χund-]] and [[ine-pro|*ǵʰu-n-d-|t=to pour]], comparing [[grc|χέω|tr=khéō|t=to pour]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL and Köbler find it first in Cicero,^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) who speaks of a combining of parts.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a mixing or blending and the mixture produced: Seneca says a river is kept from mingling with worse water, and calls the rainbow a mixture of many images of the sun.^(OLD 2012) ''Ōris cōnfūsiō'' is a blush: Tacitus has frequent blushing taken for modesty.^(OLD 2012) Cicero uses it of the union of the virtues, which philosophers distinguish by reason.^(OLD 2012) It is also disorder: Cicero writes of such disturbance and confusion of affairs.^(OLD 2012) Of the mind it is consternation: Velleius asks what alarm there was in the senate and what consternation among the people.^(OLD 2012) In grammar Terentianus Maurus uses it of crasis, and in law it is the merging of a right in another, as when the holder of a usufruct acquires ownership.^(OLD 2012) In Church and medieval Latin it is shame, confusion.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the parts of a speech and of confused affairs.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of a mixing of waters and of the rainbow.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 20 BC–30 AD – Velleius of public consternation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of blushing.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A mingling, mixing; a [[m|en|mixture]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''ōris cōnfūsiō'', a blush.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A combining, union.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|disorder|alt=Disorder]], [[m|en|confusion]]; uncertainty.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A troubled state of mind, consternation, embarrassment.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(law)'' The merging of a right in another.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|shame|alt=Shame]].^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[confundo|alt=cōnfundō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}