perturbatus Latin · revision 32679

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=la turba}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perturbātus''' (feminine perturbāta, neuter perturbātum; comparative perturbātior, superlative perturbātissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ Used as an adjective, it is the past participle [[der|la|perturbō|t=to throw into confusion]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan lists [[m|la|perturbō]] among the derivatives of [[m|la|turba|t=turmoil, crowd]], whose further origin he finds uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Its first quotation in the OLD is Terence, in whom a man goes home sad and almost troubled and uncertain in mind.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is disorderly, confused: Cicero speaks of a speech so jumbled that nothing comes first or second.^(OLD 2012) Of weather it is wild: Cicero is held up by a very stormy equinox.^(OLD 2012) Of affairs it is troubled, as in Cicero's troubled times of a shaken state.^(OLD 2012) Of the mind it is agitated, uneasy, perturbed.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of a troubled mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a confused speech, stormy weather and troubled times.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Disorderly, [[m|en|confused]], muddled; of weather, wild; of affairs, troubled.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Agitated in mind, uneasy, [[m|en|perturbed]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[perturbo|alt=perturbō]]

+ * [[turba]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}