permulceo Latin · revision 32675

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=220–130 BC, Pacuvius|origins=ine-pro *m(o)lḱ-eie-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [pɛrˈmʊɫ.ke.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [perˈmul̠ʲ.t͡ʃe.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''permulceō''' (present infinitive permulcēre, perfect active permulsī, supine permulsum or permulctum); second conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ The participle ''permulctus'' is found in Sallust and Gellius.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|per-|mulceō|t2=to stroke]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|mulceō]] to [[itc-pro|*molk-eje-|t=to stroke, rub]] and [[ine-pro|*m(o)lḱ-eie-|t=to touch repeatedly]], comparing [[sa|मृशसे|tr=mr̥śáse]]; a link with the root of milking, which LIV considers, is possible but unproven.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Pacuvius,^(de Vaan 2008) in whom a woman offers to wash the dust from a man's feet with the hands with which she often stroked Ulysses.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to stroke or brush gently, caress: Livy has a beard stroked.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it is to soothe or calm a person: Cicero says no consolation could soothe a foolish old age.^(OLD 2012) It is also to relieve pain or discomfort, as Seneca's studies that refresh sick minds,^(OLD 2012) and to charm the senses: Cicero says a speech should at once charm and draw in the listener.^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary adds to soften and to appease or tame.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius of stroking Ulysses.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of soothing old age and of a charming speech.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a stroked beard.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca of studies that refresh the mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stroke, [[m|en|caress]], rub gently; to smooth the hair.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|soothe]], calm, pacify.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To relieve, refresh; to [[m|en|alleviate]] pain or discomfort.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To charm, please, delight the senses.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[permulsio]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[commulceō]]

+ * [[mulceō]]

+ * [[dēmulceō]]

+ * [[remulceō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}