pie Latin · revision 32668

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *puH-io-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈpi.ɛ], [ˈpi.eː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈpiː.e], [ˈpiː.e]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''piē''' (superlative piissimē); adverb^(OLD 2012)

+ A comparative ''piius'' was not used;^(Georges 1913) ''magis piē'' and ''maximē piē'' take its place.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|pius|-ē|t1=dutiful, devout]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan traces [[m|la|pius]] to [[itc-pro|*pwījo-]] and [[ine-pro|*puH-io-|t=purifying]], comparing [[osc|piíhiúí|t=pious]]; how ⟨*puH-io-⟩ became ⟨pius⟩ is disputed.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010) Gaffiot cites ''De natura deorum'' for its sense piously.^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is with all the proper observances, dutifully: Gaffiot separates the senses piously, religiously; as natural feeling bids, as a good son or mother; and with affection, all in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Georges sets it against [[scelerate|alt=scelerātē]], wickedly.^(Georges 1913) Seneca and Ammianus have the superlative.^(Georges 1913) Niermeyer records it in medieval texts, piously, and Church Latin also glosses it mercifully.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of piety and filial duty.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca has the superlative.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|piously|alt=Piously]], devoutly; with all the proper observances.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Dutifully, as a son or parent should; affectionately.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|mercifully|alt=Mercifully]].^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pius]]

+ * [[pietas|alt=pietās]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}