incruentus Latin · revision 32666

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=86–34 BC, Sallust|origins=ine-pro *kruh₂-ōs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪŋ.kruˈɛn.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iŋ.kruˈɛn.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''incruentus''' (feminine incruenta, neuter incruentum, adverb incruentē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|cruentus|t1=not|t2=bloody]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) [[m|la|cruentus]] comes from [[m|la|cruor|t=blood]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*kruwōs|t=blood]] and [[ine-pro|*kruh₂-ōs|t=blood]], comparing [[grc|κρέας|tr=kréas|t=raw meat]] and [[sga|crú|t=blood]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Sallust.^(Köbler 2010) Sallust uses it of a victory, and of an army that took many places without loss.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is not stained with blood, above all not attended by bloodshed, of battles and victories: Livy has a fight that was not bloodless.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of armies it is having suffered no losses, and of cities untouched.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that it is frequent in the historians but not in Cicero or Caesar.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it bloodless, with an adverb ⟨incruentē⟩.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of a victory and of an army without losses.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a battle not bloodless.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|bloodless|alt=Bloodless]], without bloodshed; not stained with blood.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of armies, having suffered no losses.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cruentus]]

+ * [[cruor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}