intono Latin · revision 32665

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *(s)tenh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɪn.tɔ.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈin.to.no]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''intonō''' (present infinitive intonāre, perfect active intonuī or intonāvī, supine intonātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Besides ''intonuī'' there is a perfect ''intonāvī'' in late writers such as Maximus of Turin and Paulinus of Nola.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|tonō|t2=to thunder]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL) Wiktionary traces [[m|la|tonō]] to [[itc-pro|*tonaō]] and [[ine-pro|*(s)tenh₂-|t=to thunder]], and Pokorny compares [[grc|στένω|tr=sténō|t=to groan]].^(Wiktionary)^(Pokorny 1959)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the OLD's earliest quotation Cicero's poem on Marius has the Father of the sky thundering on the left.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to thunder, impersonally, of Jupiter and other gods, and of the sky: in Virgil there is a sudden crash of thunder on the left, and the heavens thunder.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to make a noise like thunder: Virgil has a huge shield thundering above a fallen man.^(OLD 2012) It is to utter in thunderous tones: Virgil's greatest of the Furies thunders, and Propertius says that Callimachus would not thunder of the battles of Jupiter and Enceladus from his narrow breast.^(OLD 2012) Valerius Flaccus uses it transitively, of Hercules making his club thunder.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it to thunder.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of Jupiter thundering.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of the thundering sky and of the Furies.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius of thundering verse.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|thunder]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To make a noise like thunder.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To utter in thunderous tones.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To make something thunder.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tono|alt=tonō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate Medieval Latin ''intonāre'', to sing according to tone, formed from [[tonus]], is the source of English [[m|en|intone]], from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}