orbo Latin · revision 32653

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=220–130 BC, Pacuvius|origins=ine-pro *h₃orbʰ-o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɔr.boː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɔr.bo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''orbō''' (present infinitive orbāre, perfect active orbāvī, supine orbātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|orbus|-ō|t1=bereaved, orphaned]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|orbus]] to [[itc-pro|*orfo-|t=heir, orphan]] and [[ine-pro|*h₃orbʰ-o-|t=turning, what is turned over]], which came to mean inheritance or heir.^(de Vaan 2008) He cites Weiss's view that the root meant to pass from one social class to another.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sga|orb|t=heir; inheritance]] and [[grc|ὀρφανός|tr=orphanós|t=orphaned]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates the verb from Pacuvius.^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL cites from Pacuvius the short perfect form ⟨orbasti⟩.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest quotation in the general sense is from an unnamed tragedy: a character says that a father robbed him of the light.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ The verb means to bereave someone of a relative by death: Cicero writes of a mother bereaved of her son.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Used without an ablative it is to leave desolate, usually to make childless, and an African inscription has death taking a relative away.^(OLD 2012) More widely it is to rob someone of anything precious.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Lewis & Short give [[privo|alt=prīvō]] and [[viduo|alt=viduō]] as synonyms.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius has the perfect ''orbasti''.^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a mother bereaved of her son.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius of a bereaved husband.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|bereave]] someone of a relative by death; without an ablative, to leave desolate, make childless.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To take away a relative in death.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To rob, [[m|en|deprive]] someone of anything necessary or precious.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exorbātus]]

+ * [[orbātiō]]

+ * [[orbātor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[orbus]]

+ * [[orbitas|alt=orbitās]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}