vitio Latin · revision 32650

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *(d)ui-tio-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈwɪ.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈvit.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vitiō''' (present infinitive vitiāre, perfect active vitiāvī, supine vitiātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|vitium|-ō|t1=fault, defect]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces [[m|la|vitium]] to [[itc-pro|*witio-|t=deviation, fault]] and, following Walde and Hofmann, to [[ine-pro|*(d)ui-tio-|t=apart, wrong]], from the root of [[m|la|duo|t=two]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Terence.^(de Vaan 2008) In the OLD's quotation from Terence someone asks whether it is quite certain that the girl was violated.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to cause faults, spoil or impair: Ovid has blood spurting as when a pipe of flawed lead bursts, Horace a boar gone bad, and Livy writes that memory has been corrupted by funeral eulogies.^(OLD 2012) It is also to spoil by a base admixture, as hemlock in honey in Horace.^(OLD 2012) In law and religion it is to invalidate proceedings or days of business for a technical fault: Cicero speaks of power to block or invalidate elections by the auspices.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short give [[corrumpo|alt=corrumpō]] and [[noceo|alt=noceō]] as synonyms and note it is mostly figurative.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it to injure, damage, spoil, corrupt, and to nullify.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|vitiate]] comes from its past participle, from the 1530s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of violating a girl.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of invalidating elections.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of spoiled meat and adulterated honey.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1530s – English [[m|en|vitiate|alt=vitiate]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To spoil, [[m|en|impair]], damage; of food, to make go bad.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|corrupt]] by a base admixture, [[m|en|adulterate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To violate a virgin.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(law)'' To invalidate proceedings for a technical fault; to falsify.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vitiōsitas]]

+ * [[vitiōsus]]

+ * [[vitium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}