improvidus Latin · revision 32648

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la prōvidus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪmˈproː.wɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [imˈprɔː.vi.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''imprōvidus''' (feminine imprōvida, neuter imprōvidum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''inprōvidus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|prōvidus|t1=not|t2=foreseeing]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) [[m|la|prōvidus]] is formed on [[m|la|prōvideō|t=to foresee]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010) Cicero uses it of leaders and of old men who fail to look ahead.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is not looking into the future: improvident, thoughtless, unwary.^(OLD 2012) Livy writes of surprising unwary and careless enemies.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Of actions it is headlong or ill-considered: Livy has a headlong flight and a rash, ill-planned battle.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short give [[incautus]], [[imprudens|alt=imprūdēns]] and [[inconsultus]] as synonyms.^(Lewis & Short 1879) In Church Latin it also means unexpected, sudden.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of improvident leaders and old men.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of unwary enemies and of a headlong flight.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Not foreseeing, [[m|en|improvident]], thoughtless, [[m|en|unwary]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of actions, headlong, ill-considered.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|unexpected|alt=Unexpected]], unforeseen, sudden.^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[providus|alt=prōvidus]]

+ * [[improvide|alt=imprōvidē]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}