reprehensio Latin · revision 32646

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=la reprehendō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''reprehēnsiō''' ''f'' (genitive reprehēnsiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ A contracted form ''reprēnsiō'' is also found.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|reprehendō|-tiō|t1=to hold back; to blame]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Varro.^(Köbler 2010) The OLD's earliest quotations are from Cicero, who calls someone worthy not only of censure but of punishment.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its literal sense is a holding back, and Cicero uses it of a check in speaking: speech without pause or check.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Usually it is blame, censure, a reprimand, and a particular criticism: Cicero sets out two kinds of criticism of his work.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In rhetoric it is a speaker's correction of his own words, and a refutation of an argument, as in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium''.^(OLD 2012) Cicero, Seneca, Pliny and Quintilian also have the short form ⟨reprēnsiō⟩.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it censure, rebuke, and in medieval Latin it is also a claim to recover property.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|reprehension]] comes from it, partly through Old French, from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of censure, criticism and self-correction.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|reprehension|alt=reprehension]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A holding back, a check in speaking.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|blame|alt=Blame]], [[m|en|censure]], reprimand; a criticism.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # In rhetoric, self-correction; the [[m|en|refutation]] of an argument.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A claim to recover property.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[reprehendo|alt=reprehendō]]

+ * [[en|reprehension]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein contrasts [[reprehendo|alt=reprehendere]] and [[vitupero|alt=vituperāre]]: the first aims at correcting a fault and warning for the future, the second at making someone acknowledge a fault and feel shame.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}