exsupero Latin · revision 32644

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la superō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛksˈsʊ.pɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [eksˈsuː.pe.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exsuperō''' (present infinitive exsuperāre, perfect active exsuperāvī, supine exsuperātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''exuperō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|superō|t2=to rise above, overcome]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the OLD's earliest quotation, from Plautus, someone fears that the praise given has outdone his looks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to pass beyond, cross or surmount, as in Virgil's “I pass the rich soil of the marshy Helorus”, and to rise above: Pliny the Elder has vines that overtop the elms.^(OLD 2012) Without an object it is to mount up: Virgil writes that the flames rise up.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is also to exceed in size or amount, as a comet the size of the morning sun in Seneca, and to surpass in excellence or degree, and to outlive.^(OLD 2012) Cicero's verse has a fate that overcomes even Jupiter, and Lucretius a present pain that gains the upper hand.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short call it mostly poetic and post-Augustan prose, and note the syncopated genitive plural ⟨exsuperantum⟩ in Varro.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Coins from AD 186 honour Jupiter as ⟨exsuperantissimus⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of praise that outdoes one's looks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius of pain gaining the upper hand.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of flames rising up.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 186 AD – Coins honour Jupiter as ''exsuperantissimus''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To pass beyond, cross, [[m|en|surmount]]; to rise above, overtop; without an object, to mount up.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To be greater than, [[m|en|exceed]]; without an object, to be left over.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|surpass]], outdo, [[m|en|excel]]; to outlive.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To overcome, be too strong for; without an object, to gain the upper hand.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exsuperābilis]]

+ * [[exsuperantia]]

+ * [[exsuperātiō]]

+ * [[exsuperatorius]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[supero|alt=superō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}