perperam Latin · revision 32641

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la perperus}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''perperam''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the feminine accusative of a rare adjective, [[der|la|perperus|t=wrong]], with ⟨viam⟩, “way”, understood.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan thinks it possibly an adverb in ⟨-ām⟩ from ⟨*pero-⟩, “on the other side”, the source of Oscan [[m|osc|perum|t=without]], later strengthened with [[m|la|per-]]; or, in Nussbaum's analysis, ⟨*per-poro-⟩, “going wrong”.^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL doubts whether the adverb really comes from that adjective.^(TLL) Döderlein, in the 19th century, took it as a reduplication of [[grc|παρά|tr=pará]].^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus.^(Köbler 2010) In Plautus a character warns someone not to go to the wrong house by mistake.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It means incorrectly, wrongly, amiss, of procedure or of information given: the OLD cites a herald who wrongly proclaimed someone not consul but general.^(OLD 2012) It is also by mistake, as in Plautus and in the ''Bellum Hispaniense''.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it perversely, wrongly, falsely.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of going to the wrong house.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|wrongly|alt=Wrongly]], [[m|en|incorrectly]], amiss, falsely.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # By [[m|en|mistake]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[perperus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes it from [[falso|alt=falsō]]: ''perperam'' is objectively wrong, incorrect in fact, while ''falsō'' is subjectively mistaken, as by a person in error.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}