propugno Latin · revision 32636

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *pu-n(e)-g/k-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [proːˈpʊŋ.noː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [proˈpuɲ.ɲo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōpugnō''' (present infinitive prōpugnāre, perfect active prōpugnāvī, supine prōpugnātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prō-|pugnō|t2=to fight]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan derives [[m|la|pugnō]] from [[m|la|pugna|t=fight]], from the root of [[m|la|pungō|t=to prick]] and [[m|la|pugnus|t=fist]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*pung-]] and [[ine-pro|*pu-n(e)-g/k-]].^(de Vaan 2008) Martianus Capella wrongly derives the verb from [[propugnator|alt=prōpugnātor]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it in prose from Cicero and Caesar on, and in verse only once in Horace, twice in Statius and once in Claudian.^(TLL) Its first quotation is Cicero's early treatise on rhetoric: not to fight against the interests of the country but for them.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to fight in defence of a position: Caesar has the Remi gaining the will to fight for their town with hope of defence, and enemies making sallies from the woods.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL) Cicero asks whether animals do not fight for their young so as to receive wounds, and Horace has a man who fights for trifles as if armed.^(OLD 2012) Transitively it is to defend or protect: Statius has a man shielding his breast with an enemy shield.^(OLD 2012) An inscription spells it with ⟨-punn-⟩.^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it to fight for, defend.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of fighting for the country and of animals fighting for their young.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of defending a town and of sallies.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of fighting for trifles.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 45–96 AD – Statius of shielding one's breast.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To fight in [[m|en|defence]] of something; to make sallies.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To defend, [[m|en|protect]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[imprōpugnātus]]

+ * [[prōpugnāculum]]

+ * [[prōpugnātiō]]

+ * [[prōpugnātor]]

+ * [[prōpugnātrix]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pugno|alt=pugnō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}