cerva Latin · revision 32610

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ḱer(h₂)-wo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈkɛr.wa], [ˈkɛr.waː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈt͡ʃɛr.va], [ˈt͡ʃɛr.va]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''cerva''' ''f'' (genitive cervae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|cervus|-a|t1=deer, stag]], the feminine.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|cervus]] to [[itc-pro|*ker(a)wo-|t=horned animal, stag]] and [[ine-pro|*ḱer(h₂)-wo-|t=having horns]], from the word for horn.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[cy|carw|t=stag, deer]], [[grc|κεραός|tr=keraós|t=horned]] and [[lt|kárvė|t=cow]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and the TLL date it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates it from Terence, who mentions a deer in flight.^(Köbler 2010)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is a hind or doe, though the sex is often not marked and in verse it is a deer in general, as in Catullus, Virgil, Horace and Ovid.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero writes that hinds purge themselves with a herb shortly before giving birth.^(TLL) Spanish [[m|es|cierva]] continues it.^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it doe, hind.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of a deer in flight.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of hinds before giving birth.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a deer.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|hind]], [[m|en|doe]]; in verse, a [[m|en|deer]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cervus]]

+ * [[cervinus|alt=cervīnus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}