excandesco Latin · revision 32595

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=la candeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɛk.skanˈdeːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ek.skanˈdɛs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''excandēscō''' (present infinitive excandēscere, perfect active excanduī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|candēscō|t2=to grow white or hot]], an inchoative of [[m|la|candeō|t=to shine]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces [[m|la|candeō]] to [[itc-pro|*kand-ē-|t=to shine]] and connects it with [[ine-pro|*knd-ro-|t=shining]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Cato.^(de Vaan 2008) Cato writes that olive lees catch fire when bitumen and sulphur are added.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its first sense is to catch fire or blaze, as Etna in the poem ''Aetna''.^(OLD 2012) Usually it is to grow hot with anger, flare up: Caelius writes to Cicero that someone flared up and shouted that he was looking for a quarrel.^(OLD 2012) Cicero also uses it of courage that has no force unless it is kindled by anger.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Manuscripts sometimes have ⟨scand-⟩.^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it to take fire, burn with anger.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato of olive lees catching fire.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of courage kindled by anger.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To catch fire, [[m|en|kindle]]; to blaze.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To grow hot with anger, [[m|en|flare]] up, burst into a [[m|en|rage]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[excandēscentia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[candeo|alt=candeō]]

+ * [[candesco|alt=candēscō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}