excolo Latin · revision 32594

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=116–27 BC, Varro|origins=ine-pro *kʷelh₁-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɛk.skɔ.ɫoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛk.sko.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''excolō''' (present infinitive excolere, perfect active excoluī, supine excultum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ex-|colō|t2=to till, inhabit]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|colō]] to [[itc-pro|*kʷele/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*kʷelh₁-e/o-|t=to go round]], with cognates such as [[sa|चरति|tr=cárati|t=to move, walk]] and [[grc|πέλομαι|tr=pélomai|t=to move]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Varro.^(de Vaan 2008) Varro writes that the Esquiline was so called because it had been cultivated by King Tullius.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to bring land under cultivation and to tend plants or stock, and so to work at anything to improve it: Ovid has the spinning of rough wool.^(OLD 2012) Cicero speaks of developing the mind by learning, and Celsus says that the Greeks developed medicine much further.^(OLD 2012) It is also to adorn, and to honour gods or cultivate a person: Phaedrus has fire through which piety honours the gods.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin adds to ennoble or perfect.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of land put under cultivation.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of developing the mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus of medicine developed by the Greeks.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 15 BC–c. 50 AD – Phaedrus of honouring the gods.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put land under [[m|en|cultivation]]; to cultivate plants, tend stock.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To work at something to improve it; to develop, [[m|en|refine]] a person, the mind or an art.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|adorn]], decorate.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To honour a god or festival; to cultivate a person.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[excultor]]

+ * [[inexcultus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[colo|alt=colō]]

+ * [[cultus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate verb ''excōlō'', from [[ex]] and [[m|la|cōlō|t=to strain]], means to strain out; it is late, in Palladius and in the Vulgate's straining out of a gnat.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Stelten 1995) The TLL derives Italian [[m|it|scolare]] and French [[m|fr|écouler]] from it.^(TLL)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}