inverto Latin · revision 32593

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *wert-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪnˈwɛr.toː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iɱˈvɛr.to]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''invertō''' (present infinitive invertere, perfect active invertī, supine inversum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ An older spelling is ''invortō''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|vertō|t2=to turn]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) [[m|la|vertō]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*wertō]] and [[ine-pro|*wert-|t=to turn]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL dates it from Terence.^(TLL) Terence has words turned to their opposite meaning.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to turn upside down or inside out: Cicero has a ring turned round, and ⟨manus inversa⟩ is the back of the hand.^(OLD 2012) Virgil uses it of bulls turning the soil, and Horace of a wind that overturns the sea.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to turn a thing into its opposite: Horace writes that we pervert the virtues themselves, and Cicero of reversing an order.^(OLD 2012) It is also to change into something else, and Tacitus uses it of rephrasing a text.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it to turn about, turn over, invert.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|inverse]] comes from its past participle, from the mid-15th century, and [[m|en|invert]] from the verb, from the 1530s, perhaps through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of words used in the opposite sense.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a ring turned round and of a reversed order.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of turning the soil.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus of rephrasing a text.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-15th century – English [[m|en|inverse|alt=inverse]] is formed from its past participle.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To turn upside down or inside out, [[m|en|invert]]; to turn over the soil; to [[m|en|upset]], overturn.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To turn into the opposite, [[m|en|pervert]]; to reverse an order; of words, to use them ironically in the opposite sense.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To change, alter; to [[m|en|paraphrase]], translate.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[inversiō]]

+ * [[inversor]]

+ * [[inversūra]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[verto|alt=vertō]]

+ * [[en|invert]]

+ * [[en|inverse]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}