horresco Latin · revision 32592

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰr̥s-eh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [hɔrˈreːs.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [orˈrɛs.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''horrēscō''' (present infinitive horrēscere, perfect active horruī); third conjugation, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|horreō|-scō|t1=to bristle, shudder]], an inchoative verb.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|horreō]] to [[itc-pro|*χors-ē-|t=to be stiff]] and [[ine-pro|*ǵʰr̥s-eh₁-|t=to be stiff, surprised]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius has weapons that bristle as they are raised, and an army bristling with spears on both sides.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short call it mostly poetic in the literal sense: Ovid has hair that stood on end, Virgil fields that ripple under gentle winds.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Silius uses it of a storm beginning to rage, and Cicero of the sea suddenly growing rough.^(OLD 2012) Of people it is to shudder and tremble with fear: in Plautus someone promises to make a bawd tremble.^(OLD 2012) With an object it is to shudder at: Virgil has "do not dread the gnawing of the tables to come".^(OLD 2012) The perfect is that of [[horreo|alt=horreō]].^(OLD 2012) The TLL notes the spelling ⟨horrisco⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of bristling weapons.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a trembling bawd.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the sea growing rough.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of dread.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 25–101 AD – Silius of a storm.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stand up stiffly, [[m|en|bristle]]; to bristle with points.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of the weather or sea, to grow rough, begin to rage.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To become agitated; to [[m|en|shudder]], tremble with fear.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To shudder at, [[m|en|dread]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cohorrēscō]]

+ * [[exhorrēscō]]

+ * [[inhorrēscō]]

+ * [[perhorrēscō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[horreo|alt=horreō]]

+ * [[horror]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}