temperatus Latin · revision 32576

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=ine-pro *temp-os}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [tɛm.pɛˈraː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [tem.peˈraː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''temperātus''' (feminine temperāta, neuter temperātum, comparative temperātior, superlative temperātissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the past participle of [[m|la|temperō|t=to moderate, mix in due proportion]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|temperō]] from [[itc-pro|*tempes-āi̯e-]], a verb built on [[m|la|tempus|t=time]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*tempos-|t=stretch, measure]] and [[ine-pro|*temp-os|t=stretch]].^(de Vaan 2008) The meaning "to restrain, modify" shows the shift from stretching to measuring.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero, who praises a most careful general and a most restrained legate.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is used first of weather and climate, temperate or mild: Varro writes of the mildest season of the year.^(OLD 2012) Vitruvius applies it to stone quarries of middle quality, and Nigidius to what is neither early nor late but in between.^(OLD 2012) Of people and conduct it is moderate, restrained, self-controlled.^(OLD 2012) The comparative ⟨temperātior⟩ and superlative ⟨temperātissimus⟩ are found.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 100–45 BC – Nigidius of what lies in between.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of the mildest season.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a restrained legate.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius of quarries of middle quality.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of climate or weather, [[m|en|temperate]], [[m|en|mild]]; of other qualities, moderate, between extremes.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Intermediate in nature or degree.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Of persons and conduct, moderate, restrained, self-controlled.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tempero|alt=temperō]]

+ * [[temperantia]]

+ * [[temperies|alt=temperiēs]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}