gyrus Latin · revision 32572

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=grc γῦρος}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɡyː.rʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈd͡ʒiː.rus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gȳrus''' ''m'' (genitive gȳrī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling ''gur-'' is read in Manilius.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[bor|grc|γῦρος|tr=gûros|t=ring, circle]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Etymonline relates the Greek word to [[m|grc|γυρός|tr=gurós|t=rounded]] and, perhaps, to [[ine-pro|*gew-|t=to bend, curve]];^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler refers it to Pokorny's root of the same meaning.^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero, who says that people made unruly by success should be led, as if into a training ring, under reason and learning.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It was the circular course on which horses were trained, as in Virgil, and Tacitus notes that the Germans did not teach their horses to vary their circles in the Roman way.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short call it mostly poetic.^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is any circle described in motion, such as a top that boys whip round, and a wheeling movement.^(OLD 2012) Manilius uses it of a ring and of the circles of the heavens, and Catullus of the orbit of the moon.^(OLD 2012) Döderlein distinguishes it from [[orbis]], a circular motion, and [[circulus]], a flat circle, as a curved or winding line.^(Döderlein 1874) In medieval Latin it is the surroundings of a place, a rampart and a tournament.^(Niermeyer 1976) English took it as [[m|en|gyre]] in the 1560s, and as [[m|en|gyrus]] for a fold of the brain in 1827.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a training ring.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of the moon's orbit.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a whirling top.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Manilius of the circles of the sky.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1560s – English borrows it as ''gyre''.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1827 – English ''gyrus'' for a fold of the brain.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A circular course on which horses were trained or raced, a [[m|en|ring]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|circle]] described in motion; a wheeling movement;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary) ''in gȳrum'', in a circle.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A circle, ring;^(OLD 2012) ''in gȳrum'', all round.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(astronomy)'' The [[m|en|orbit]] of a heavenly body; a circle of the heavens.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The surroundings of a place; a rampart; a [[m|en|tournament]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[gȳrō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gȳrātus]]

+ * [[en|gyre]]

+ * [[en|gyrus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}