κῦδος Ancient Greek · revision 3257

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=Homer, Iliad|origins=ine-pro *kewd-s-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (5th-century BC Attic): /kŷː.dos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (4th-century AD Koine): /ˈcy.ðos/^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (10th-century Byzantine): /ˈcy.ðos/^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''κῦδος''' (kûdos) ''n'' (genitive κῡ́δους or κῡ́δεος); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably [[inh|ine-pro|*kewd-s-|t=miraculous power]], as Beekes reconstructs it, comparing [[sla-pro|*čudo|t=wonder, miracle]], whose relatives in Old Russian have overtones of sorcery.^(Beekes 2010)^(Wiktionary) The Greek word names the radiant power of the gods, or the power they confer, as Benveniste put it.^(Beekes 2010) Greek ⟨ῡ⟩ in κῦδος replaced the full grade ⟨*eu⟩ of the root.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ Frisk, after older scholars, linked the Slavic word with a verb for “to hear, perceive”, [[cu|чоути|tr=čuti]], and so explained κῦδος as “what is heard of”, like [[κλέος|tr=kléos]].^(Frisk 1960) Wiktionary similarly connects it with [[ine-pro|*(s)kewh₁-|t=to perceive]] and [[κοέω|tr=koéō]].^(Frisk 1960)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) Beekes rejects this, as that root has no final ''d''.^(Beekes 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ In the ''Iliad'' it is first the outward splendour of a god, in the phrase “exulting in his glory”, and then the glory of victory that a god gives to one side in battle.^(Cunliffe 1924)^(CGL 2021)^(LSJ 1940)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In Homer κῦδος is the glory of warriors and kings, often given by Zeus, and the triumph of victory; a person can be the glory of a people, as Odysseus and Nestor are “the great glory of the Achaeans”.^(Cunliffe 1924)^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021) It remained a poetic word, found in lyric, in Herodotus and in Aeschylus, but not in Sophocles, Euripides or Attic prose.^(LSJ 1940) Aristophanes uses it only in a mock-epic line.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

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+ English ''kudos'' was taken from it in 1799, probably in university slang; the back-formation ''kudo'' is from the 1930s.^(Etymonline)

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+ ==Timeline==

+ * Homer – The ''Iliad'' uses it for the splendour of gods and the glory of victory.^(Cunliffe 1924)^(LSJ 1940)

+ * Before the 6th century BC – Hesiod uses it for glory.^(CGL 2021)

+ * 6th–5th century BC – Pindar and Aeschylus use it in lyric.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 5th century BC – Herodotus has it in a speech of Xerxes.^(LSJ 1940)

+ * 1799 – English borrows it as ''kudos''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The splendour of a god.^(Cunliffe 1924)^(CGL 2021)

+ # [[m|en|glory]], [[m|en|renown]], especially in war.^(LSJ 1940)^(CGL 2021)

+ # The glory of victory, triumph.^(Cunliffe 1924)

+ # A source of glory, or ''(of a person)'' the pride of a people.^(CGL 2021)^(Cunliffe 1924)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[κυδρός|tr=kudrós]]

+ * [[κυδαίνω|tr=kudaínō]]

+ * [[en|kudos]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}