praeiudicium Latin · revision 32561

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la iūdicium}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [prae̯.juːˈdɪ.ki.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [pre.juˈdiː.t͡ʃi.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praeiūdicium''' ''n'' (genitive praeiūdiciī or praeiūdicī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|prae-|iūdicium|t1=before|t2=judgement]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The TLL derives it from [[m|la|praeiūdicō|t=to prejudge]] or from [[m|la|iūdicium]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero, who writes in ''De inventione'' that a trial before recoverers should not prejudge a charge of murder.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In law it is a preliminary action that settles a question, such as someone's status, before the main trial.^(OLD 2012) It is also an earlier decision that affects a case: Cicero has Metellus say that he does not want this trial to prejudge the case of Verres.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short quote Cicero dividing precedents into three kinds.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Caesar uses it of an example to be followed: in a speech, Pompey is said to have left Italy moved by the precedent of what the listeners had done.^(OLD 2012) It is also an opinion formed in advance, usually unfavourable.^(OLD 2012) In medieval Latin it is a legal disadvantage, a threat to someone's rights, a grievance and a wrong.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|prejudice]] comes from it, partly through Old French, about 1300.^(Etymonline) Manuscripts often spell it ⟨pre-⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of preliminary judgements and precedents.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar of a precedent.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English borrows it as ''prejudice''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(law)'' A preliminary inquiry or action deciding a question before the main trial.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A previous judgement or ruling that affects a case, a prejudgement; a [[m|en|precedent]], example.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An opinion formed in advance, usually adverse, [[m|en|prejudice]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A legal disadvantage, jeopardy of a person's rights; a grievance; a wrong, [[m|en|encroachment]].^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[praeiūdiciālis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iūdicium]]

+ * [[praeiūdicō]]

+ * [[en|prejudice]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}