iocor Latin · revision 32536

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *yok-o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈjɔ.kɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈjɔː.kor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''iocor''' (present infinitive iocārī, perfect active iocātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ An active ''iocō'', ''iocāre'' is also found.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a denominative verb [[af|la|iocus|-ō|t1=joke]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|iocus]] to [[itc-pro|*joko-]] and [[ine-pro|*yok-o-|t=word, utterance]].^(de Vaan 2008) He compares [[xum|iuka|t=words, prayers]], [[cy|iaith|t=language]] and [[goh|jehan|t=to express, utter]], and takes [[lt|juõkas|t=laughter, joke]] for a borrowing from German.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL finds it from Plautus on: in the ''Menaechmi'' someone often jokes with a character in this way.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to jest, to joke, and with an object to say in jest: Cicero writes in a letter that he had said something in jest.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Terence has someone who thinks a woman is joking, and Cicero distinguishes two kinds of joking.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Grammarians list it among deponents, and an active form ⟨iocō⟩ is also found.^(TLL) The TLL lists the Romance descendants [[it|giocare]], [[pro|jogar]] and [[es|jugar]].^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it to jest, joke.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence of a woman thought to be joking.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of kinds of joking.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|jest]], [[m|en|joke]]; with an object, to say in jest.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|play]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[iocābundus]]

+ * [[iocātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[iocōsus]]

+ * [[ioculāris]]

+ * [[ioculātor]]

+ * [[iocus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}