obtero Latin · revision 32527

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *terh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɔp.tɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈɔb.te.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''obterō''' (present infinitive obterere, perfect active obtrīvī, supine obtrītum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''opt-''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+ Apuleius has the perfect ''obteruerit'' for ''obtrīverit''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ob-|terō|t2=to rub]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|terō]] to [[itc-pro|*tera-]] and [[ine-pro|*terh₁-|t=to rub]], with an athematic present *treh₁-i- behind the ⟨ī⟩ of the perfect ⟨trīvī⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) He compares [[grc|τείρω|tr=teírō|t=to oppress, weaken]], [[grc|τρίβω|tr=tríbō|t=to rub, wear out]] and [[lt|tìrti|t=to investigate]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Naevius, in a tragedy, uses it of people who trample all the fields as they advance.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to crush underfoot or under any weight: Varro warns that the cattle could trample infants in the stable, and Cicero tells of bodies crushed beyond recognition.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) In Livy it is to wipe out an army.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is to crush abstract things, as Cicero crushes a man's false charges, and to treat with contempt.^(OLD 2012) Apuleius uses it of rubbing teeth clean, with a perfect ⟨obteruerit⟩.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius of trampling fields.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of crushed bodies and crushed charges.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of destroying an army.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius of rubbing teeth.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|trample]] underfoot; to [[m|en|crush]] under a weight.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To destroy in battle, wipe out; to suppress abstract forces.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To treat with the utmost contempt, disparage.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To rub down, [[m|en|chafe]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[obtrītiō]]

+ * [[obtrītus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tero|alt=terō]]

+ * [[contero|alt=conterō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}