vicesimus Latin · revision 32514

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *dui-dḱmt-ih₁}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [wiːˈkeː.sɪ.mʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [viˈt͡ʃɛː.s̬i.mus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vīcēsimus''' (feminine vīcēsima, neuter vīcēsimum); first/second-declension numeral^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''vīcēnsimus'', and ''vīgēsimus'' in Varro, Caesar, Sallust and Columella, though not in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Inscriptions, Plautus and Livy also have the ending ''-umus''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|vīgintī|-ēsimus|t1=twenty]], built on the stem with /k/.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces it to *wīkēnsumo-, found in an inscription, with the same Indo-European suffix *-tmHo- as Indo-Iranian, and [[m|la|vīgintī]] to [[itc-pro|*wīkentī]] and [[ine-pro|*dui-dḱmt-ih₁|t=twenty]], originally a dual meaning "two tens".^(de Vaan 2008) He compares [[sa|विंशति|tr=viṃśatí-|t=twenty]], [[grc|εἴκοσι|tr=eíkosi|t=twenty]], Doric [[m|grc|ϝίκατι|tr=wíkati]] and [[sga|fiche|t=twenty]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus.^(Köbler 2010) An early inscription records that aediles gave Apollo a twentieth part.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is the ordinal "twentieth".^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) As a feminine noun, vīcēsima, sc. pars, it names a five per cent tax: on the freeing of slaves, which the OLD says Gnaeus Manlius introduced in 357 BC; on inheritances, introduced by Augustus in 6 AD; and on goods passing through ports and frontiers.^(OLD 2012) Cicero asks what home revenue is left except the five per cent tax.^(OLD 2012) Livy uses it of a twentieth of the grain that Spaniards were forced to sell.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the tax on freeing slaves and of harbour duties.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a share of grain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Numeral===

+ # [[m|en|twentieth|alt=Twentieth]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # vīcēsima, a five per cent [[m|en|tax]] on the freeing of slaves, on inheritances, or on goods in transit.^(OLD 2012)

+ # vīcēsima, a twentieth of one's produce set aside for compulsory sale.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[viginti|alt=vīgintī]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}