join English · revision 3250

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=borrowing|attested=c. 1297|origins=la iungere}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA: /dʒɔɪn/^(Roach et al. 2011)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|enm|joinen]],^(AHD 2000)^(Barnhart 1988) [[bor|fro|joindre|t=to join, connect, unite]] (stem joign-, join-),^(Etymonline)^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) from [[la|iungere|t=to join together, unite, yoke]],^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000)^(Barnhart 1988) from a nasalized form of [[ine-pro|*yeug-|t=to join]].^(Etymonline)^(AHD 2000) Latin iungere is related to iugum “yoke”, and so to English [[yoke]].^(Barnhart 1988)^(Hoad 1986) The Latin verb also gave [[joint]], [[juncture]] and [[junction]].^(Cresswell 2021)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ “To unite things into a whole, put together”: about 1300,^(Etymonline) probably before 1300 in ''Arthour and Merlin'',^(Barnhart 1988) or 1297;^(OED 1989) it is implied earlier in the surname Joinur, “joiner”, about 1195–1215.^(Barnhart 1988)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ “To become associated, form an alliance” is from the early 14th century,^(Etymonline) and “to unite two people in marriage” from the mid-14th century.^(Etymonline) Of battle, “to begin”, it is from the late 14th century, and in Middle English ''join on'' meant “to attack”.^(Etymonline) “To unite with, form a junction with” is from 1702, and “to go to and accompany someone” from 1713.^(Etymonline) In geometry, “to connect two points with a line” is from 1660.^(OED 1989) ''Join up'', “to enlist in the army”, is from 1916,^(Etymonline) and ''if you can't beat them, join them'' from 1953.^(Etymonline) In Middle English ''join'' was sometimes short for [[enjoin]].^(Etymonline)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 1195–1215 – the surname Joinur.^(Barnhart 1988)

+ * 1297 – to put together.^(OED 1989)

+ * early 14th century – to form an alliance.^(Etymonline)

+ * mid-14th century – to unite in marriage.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1660 – to connect two points.^(OED 1989)

+ * 1713 – to go and accompany someone.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1916 – ''join up'', to enlist.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Modern meaning==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To bring or fasten together; to [[connect]].^(AHD)^(SOED 2002)

+ # To come together; to meet: ''where the rivers join''.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # To become a member of: ''join a club''.^(AHD)

+ # To go to and be with someone: ''join us for dinner''.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+ # To take part in: ''join the fight''.^(AHD)^(Etymonline)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A place where two things are joined; a [[joint]].^(AHD)^(OED 1989)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[joinable]]

+ * [[conjoin]]

+ * [[interjoin]]

+ * [[joiner]]

+ * [[subjoin]]

+ * [[underjoin]]

+ * [[unjoin]]

+ * [[rejoin]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[joint]]

+ * [[junction]]

+ * [[juncture]]

+ * [[conjugal]]

+ * [[conjunction]]

+ * [[adjoin]]

+ * [[enjoin]]

+ * [[rejoinder]]

+ * [[yoke]]

+ * [[yoga]]

+ * [[jugular]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}