bellicosus Latin · revision 32496

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la bellum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [bɛl.lɪˈkoː.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [bel.liˈkɔː.s̬us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''bellicōsus''' (feminine bellicōsa, neuter bellicōsum, superlative bellicōsissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ An older spelling is ''duellicōsus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|bellicus|-ōsus|t1=of war]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) [[m|la|bellicus]] is formed from [[m|la|bellum|t=war]], older [[m|la|duellum]], whose origin is uncertain; de Vaan thinks the best proposal is Pinault's, a diminutive *duenelo- of [[m|la|bonus|t=good]], "deed of valour", used as a euphemism for war.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cicero, who speaks of savage, barbarous and warlike peoples.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It describes people fond of war, warlike or martial, as Cicero's most warlike nations.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Livy also uses it of times and actions, as of a man who put off his consulship to a more warlike year.^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short note that it is used mostly of persons.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Glossaries explain it as eager to fight.^(TLL) Church Latin glosses it warlike, of war.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of warlike peoples.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a more warlike year.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English [[m|en|bellicose]] is borrowed from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|warlike|alt=Warlike]], fond of war, [[m|en|martial]], [[m|en|bellicose]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Of times and actions, full of war.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bellicus]]

+ * [[bellum]]

+ * [[en|bellicose]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}