familiariter Latin · revision 32482

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la famulus}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''familiāriter''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ The comparative is ''familiārius'' and the superlative ''familiārissimē''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|familiāris|-ter|t1=of the household, intimate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan lists [[m|la|familiāris]] (from Plautus) with [[m|la|familia|t=household]] among the derivatives of [[m|la|famulus|t=servant]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*famelos|t=slave]], comparing [[osc|famel|t=slave]].^(de Vaan 2008) Following Rix, he takes the Proto-Italic noun as a back-formation from [[m|itc-pro|*famelia|t=household]], perhaps ultimately from [[ine-pro|*dʰh₁-m-elo-|t=fundament]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it first, in the ''Rudens'': “you handle me too familiarly”; in the ''Menaechmi'' a stranger is greeted familiarly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Its usual sense is in the manner of a close friend, intimately, on friendly terms: Cicero says nothing is more shameful than to make war on someone with whom one has lived on intimate terms.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012) It also means with close knowledge, thoroughly, as when Seneca blames readers who apply themselves to no author closely, and Quintilian speaks of knowing a case intimately.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero uses it of feeling at home in a friend's villa.^(OLD 2012) The grammarian Velius Longus uses it of what happens habitually, as when ⟨s⟩ commonly passes into ⟨r⟩.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it in a familiar manner.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of handling someone too familiarly.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of intimate friendship.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca the Younger of close reading.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|familiarly|alt=Familiarly]], [[m|en|intimately]], on friendly terms.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With close knowledge, thoroughly.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # As if at home; habitually, commonly.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[familiaris|alt=familiāris]]

+ * [[familia]]

+ * [[familiaritas|alt=familiāritās]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}