illigo Latin · revision 32474

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la ligō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈɪl.lɪ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈil.li.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''illigō''' (present infinitive illigāre, perfect active illigāvī, supine illigātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''inligō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Virgil splits it in tmesis: ''inque ligātus''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|ligō|t1=in, on|t2=to tie, bind]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*-lig-ā-]] for [[m|la|ligō]] and, with a question mark, a root [[ine-pro|*liǵ-|t=to tie]], comparing [[sq|lidh|t=to tie]]; he notes that the simple verb is not found before Catullus, while compounds such as this one are older.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest example is in Cicero's ''Tusculan Disputations'', translating Sophocles: Hercules, bound in a woven pest, perishes.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to bind or tie up, and in Virgil to hamper a wounded man.^(OLD 2012) It is also to attach by tying, as Horace's ploughs yoked to many bullocks, and to fix one thing to another, as the ornaments Cicero says were set in golden cups.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it is to involve or tie up, as philosophers caught in narrow disputes, and to bind under obligation: Cicero says the state holds Lepidus bound by many pledges.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it to fetter, impede, entangle or encumber.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of binding, of fixing ornaments and of obligation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of a man hampered by a wound.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace of ploughs yoked to oxen.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|bind]] or tie up; to encumber, hamper.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To attach by tying, [[m|en|fasten]]; to fix on.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Figuratively, to involve, [[m|en|entangle]]; to bind by an obligation.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[illigamentum]]

+ * [[illigatio]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ligo|alt=ligō]]

+ * [[obligo|alt=obligō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}