adnitor Latin · revision 32465

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la nītor}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [anˈniː.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [adˈniː.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''adnītor''' (present infinitive adnītī, perfect active adnīxus sum or adnīsus sum); third conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''annītor''.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ Servius notes that the participle ''adnīxus'' was the old form, replaced in his day by ''adnīsus''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ad-|nītor|t1=to, against|t2=to lean, strive]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|nītor]], which he reconstructs as [[itc-pro|*kniχw-et-]]; the verb's first meaning could have been either to lean on or to exert pressure.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is to lean or rest on something, and genibus adnīxus is kneeling: Cicero says that nature always leans on some support.^(OLD 2012) More often it is to exert oneself or try one's hardest, as in Sallust's “exert yourselves with me and take up the cause of the state”, and to work in support of someone, as Crassus backing Piso in Sallust.^(OLD 2012) Fronto uses it with an accusative, of striving to win a victory.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it to strive.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of nature leaning on a support.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust of exerting oneself for the state.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 100–170 AD – Fronto of striving for victory.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|lean]] or rest on; genibus adnīxus, kneeling.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To exert oneself, [[m|en|strive]], try one's hardest; to work in support of someone.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # With an accusative, to strive to obtain.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nitor|alt=nītor]]

+ * [[conitor|alt=cōnītor]]

+ * [[enitor|alt=ēnītor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}