inconsultus Latin · revision 32457

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *s(e)lh₁-e/o-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ɪŋ.kõːˈsʊɫ.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [iŋ.konˈsul.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''incōnsultus''' (feminine incōnsulta, neuter incōnsultum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|cōnsultus|t1=not|t2=considered, consulted]], the negative prefix with the participle of [[m|la|cōnsulō|t=to deliberate, consult]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of [[m|la|cōnsulō]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*kom-se/ol-e/o-|t=to consult]] and [[ine-pro|*s(e)lh₁-e/o-|t=to take]], comparing [[grc|εἷλον|tr=heîlon|t=took]].^(de Vaan 2008) He mentions an older alternative, *kom-sed- "to sit together", which he finds semantically attractive but formally weaker.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it first, in a play on [[consultum|alt=cōnsultum]]: a well-considered plan becomes an ill-considered one if it is of use to the enemy.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Most often it is active, of people who act without taking counsel, thoughtless or rash: Cicero pairs it with temerārius.^(OLD 2012) Virgil uses it of people who leave the Sibyl without having received an answer.^(OLD 2012) With passive force it means not consulted, as when Livy tells of games vowed without consulting the senate;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short note that this use is probably not Ciceronian.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Medieval texts keep the passive sense, of a person whose advice has not been asked.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of an ill-considered plan.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of a rash man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of people leaving without advice.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of the senate not being consulted.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Not having taken counsel, [[m|en|thoughtless]], [[m|en|rash]], ill-advised; of words and acts, unwise.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(poetic)'' Not having received advice at a consultation.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Not consulted, unasked.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Beside it is a rare fourth-declension noun incōnsultus, found only in the ablative: Plautus has incōnsultū meō, "without consulting me".^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008) The adverb is incōnsultē.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}