spuma Latin · revision 32453

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *spoHi-m-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [ˈspuː.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [ˈspuː.ma]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''spūma''' ''f'' (genitive spūmae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*spoimā-|t=foam]], [[inh|ine-pro|*spoHi-m-|t=foam]].^(de Vaan 2008) De Vaan explains the forms of the other languages as derivatives in *-m- and *-n- of a root [[ine-pro|*spoHi-]] or [[m|ine-pro|*speh₃i-]], in which the *-i- may be a present suffix; alternatively, with Matasović, a neuter stem in *-mn-.^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[sa|फेन|tr=phéna-|t=foam]], [[lt|spáinė|t=foam]], [[prg|spoayno|t=foam]], [[ang|fām|t=foam]] and [[goh|feim|t=foam]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Lewis & Short derived it from [[m|la|spuō|t=to spit]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary relates it to [[m|la|pūmex|t=pumice]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Ennius, who says of a horse that it drives out white foam.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is foam on water, especially the sea: Cicero mentions the Venus born from the foam.^(OLD 2012) It is froth at the mouth of animals and people, and the froth of other liquids;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Varro reports physicians who call milk the foam of blood.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Technical phrases name substances: spūma argentī, litharge, which Virgil names among remedies for sheep, and spūma nitrī, which Ovid lists among cosmetics.^(OLD 2012) Martial knows it as a hair dye, and Pliny the Elder uses it of the slime of snails.^(OLD 2012) Church Latin glosses it foam.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius of a horse's foam.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of the sea foam from which Venus was born.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil names spūma argentī.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder of the slime of snails.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|spume]] is borrowed from Latin, partly through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|foam|alt=Foam]], [[m|en|froth]], of the sea, of the mouth or of other liquids.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary)

+ # spūma argentī, [[m|en|litharge]], lead monoxide.^(OLD 2012)

+ # spūma nitrī, a soda or potash salt used as a cosmetic or caustic.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A substance used as a hair dye.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The slime of snails; [[m|en|slime]] in general.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[spūmeus]]

+ * [[spūmifer]]

+ * [[spūmigena]]

+ * [[spūmiger]]

+ * [[spūmō]]

+ * [[spūmōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pūmex]]

+ * [[en|spume]]

+ * [[en|foam]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}