deformitas Latin · revision 32448

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=81–43 BC, Cicero|origins=la fōrma}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * Classical: [deːˈfoːr.mɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * Ecclesiastical: [deˈfɔr.mi.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēfōrmitās''' ''f'' (genitive dēfōrmitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|dēfōrmis|-tās|t1=misshapen, ugly]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) [[m|la|dēfōrmis]] is formed from [[m|la|fōrma|t=shape, beauty]], whose origin de Vaan finds unclear: it may go back to *morma, and it and [[grc|μορφή|tr=morphḗ|t=form, shape]] may have been borrowed from a third language, or the Greek word may have reached Latin through Etruscan.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The TLL records it from Cicero on, who notes that ugliness offers good material for jokes.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It is ugliness or unsightliness, and disfigurement, as when Livy says that a man was still recognised in all his disfigurement.^(OLD 2012) Cicero sets the deformity of the body against the far worse foulness of the mind.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Apuleius uses it of walls in disrepair, and Seneca of shapelessness.^(OLD 2012) Morally it is disgrace or degradation, and in style a lack of taste, an impropriety.^(OLD 2012) The TLL notes that the poets, Caesar and Sallust do not use it, and records the plural in Gellius and Augustine.^(TLL) Glossaries explain it with flāgitium and turpitūdō.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of ugliness and of disgrace.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a disfigured man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius of walls in disrepair.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English [[m|en|deformity]] is borrowed through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|ugliness|alt=Ugliness]], unsightliness, [[m|en|deformity]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|disfigurement|alt=Disfigurement]]; of things, defacement, disrepair.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|disgrace|alt=Disgrace]], degradation, baseness.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Lack of good taste, inelegance, impropriety.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Lack of shape, shapelessness.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dēfōrmātiō]]

+ * [[dēfōrmis]]

+ * [[dēfōrmiter]]

+ * [[dēfōrmō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}